The response of economic agents and societies to major environment changes (e.g., gloabal warming) and/or political and economic shocks (e.g., famine or war). (Zilberman et al. 2012) [Zilberman, D., Zhao, J., & Heiman, A. (2012). Adoption versus adaptation, with emphasis on climate change. Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ., 4(1), 27-53.]