Emergency-Management Baseline resiliency is “an initial baseline for monitoring existing attributes of resilience to natural hazards." (BRIC 2013) that consists of “a set of initial characteristics that can be used "to monitor changes in resilience over time in particular places and to compare one place to another." (Cutter et al. 2010; 2) [Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) | Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute | University of South Carolina. (2013). Retrieved from: https://artsandsciences.sc.edu/geog/hvri/bric] [Cutter, S. L., Burton, C. G., & Emrich, C. T. (2010). Disaster Resilience Indicators for Benchmarking Baseline Conditions. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 7(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1732]

Hazards-and-Vulnerability-Research "Six broad categories of community disaster resilience: social, economic, community capital, institutional, infrastructural, and environmental at the county level. (BRIC 2013) [Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) | Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute | University of South Carolina. (2013). Retrieved from: https://artsandsciences.sc.edu/geog/hvri/bric] Environmental "Selected tools that have adopted one or a combination of the following methods to determine the extent of compliance with the resilience criteria: assessment against baseline conditions, assessment against thresholds that reflect program objectives, assessment against principles of good resilience, assessment against peers (benchmarking), and assessment based on the speed of recovery." (Sharifi 2016; 634) [Sharifi, A. (2016). A critical review of selected tools for assessing community resilience. Ecological Indicators, 69, 629–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.05.023] DOI Link 2

Process of deducing properties about a population or probability distribution from data using Bayes’ theorem

A systematic procedure, technique, or mode in the field of statistics based on the Bayesian interpretation of probability where probability expresses a degree of belief in an event. The degree of belief may be based on prior knowledge about the event, such as the results of previous experiments, or on personal beliefs about the event.

Business The act of performing a "second level, external pilot-test of a product (usually software) before commercial quantity production." (Business Dictionary; web) [Business Dictionary. (2019). Beta Test. Retrieved from: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/beta-test.html ]

Often used to describe resilience, it is the concept of returning to a previous state after a stressful or traumatic event. (Smith et al. 2008)

Psychology Often used to describe resilience, the "return to pre-event functioning, but as a state of communal functioning that is now adapted to the postevent reality." (Houston 2014; 176) [Houston, B.J. (2014) Bouncing Forward: Assessing Advances in Community Resilience Assessment, Intervention, and Theory to Guide Future Work. American Behvioral Scientist 59(2) 175-180 doi:10.1177/0002764214550294] Environmental-Policy In resilience, the ability of a system to change towards increasing capabilities after a trauma or event. (Maneyna et al. 2011) [Maneyna, B., O'Brien, G., O'Keffe, P. & Rose, J. (2011) Disaster Resilience: a bounce back or ounce forward ability? Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Stability, 16(5) 417-424 doi:10.1080/13549839.2011.583049] DOI Links DOI Link 1 DOI Link 2

Wide-ranging event that occurs as a direct or indirect result of an intial event. For example, if an earthquake damages a highway, the resulting traffic accidents and traffic reroutings are broad-based cascading events.

“suitability of a building for its intended purpose, determined by whether a building is structurally safe to be occupied and whether basic utilities (e.g. water, power, etc.) are available at the building site” (Lin & Wang, 2017a). Often, discrete states are used to describe a buildings functional status. For example, Lin & Wang (2017a, 2017b) use five functionality states –Restricted Entry (RE), Restricted Use (RU), Re-Occupancy (RO), Baseline Functionality (BF), Full Functionality (FF). [Lin, P., & Wang, N. (2017). Stochastic post-disaster functionality recovery of community building portfolios I: Modeling. Structural Safety, 69, 96-105.] [Lin, P., & Wang, N. (2017). Stochastic post-disaster functionality recovery of community building portfolios II: Application. Structural Safety, 69, 106-117.] Architecture Requirements set by an organization for a building to ensure members can perform well within the building envrionment. (Szigeti and Davis 2001) [Szigeti, F. and Davis, G. (2001) Matching people and their facilities: using the ASTM/ANSI standards on whole building functionality and serviceability. Paper presented at CIB World Building Congress, Wellington, New Zealand.] Public-Health How a building or discrete part of a building is intended to be used. (Aus Gov 2006; web) [Austrailian Government (Aus Gov). (2006). Building Function In Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Metadata Online Registry. Retrieved from: https://meteor.aihw.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/269690]

Set of fragility functions - conditional probability of attaining or exceeding a prescribed performance level for a given intensity measure - for the building archetypes included in the inventory

The definition can be broken out into constituent parts: Building Inventory and Loss Estimation. Building inventory is synonymous with building portfolios as described in Lin & Wang (2017a, 2017b). “A community building portfolio…refers to the complete inventory of buildings of various occupancies that collectively support the vital functions of a community, including housing, education, retail, commercial, industrial, healthcare, government, etc.” (Lin & Wang 2017a). [Lin, P., & Wang, N. (2017). Stochastic post-disaster functionality recovery of community building portfolios I: Modeling. Structural Safety, 69, 96-105.] A rough calculation of the average physical condition of a specific building type after an earthquake that assesses various loss parameters such as direct economic loss, casualties, or loss of function. (Kirchner at al. 1997) [Kirchner, C.A., Nassar, A.A., Kustu, O. & Holmes, W.T. (1997) Development of building damage functions for earthquake loss estimation. Earthquake Spectra 13(4) 663-682] The rough calculation of potential fatalities due to a specific building type failure during an earthquake. (Jaiswal et al. 2010)

Set of recovery trajectories - path of selected quantities of interest such as reliability or functionality over the recovery duration - for the building archetypes included in the inventory

Set of response metrics - selected quantities of interest to describe the state of a system after the occurrence of perturbations - for the building archetypes included in the inventory

The structures, infrastructure systems, and natural spaces within cities, towns, and communities. Can include family residences, commercial buildings, green space, and supporting infrastructure such as electric, telecommunication, transportation, and water networks.

Financial-Mathematics "Includes operational risk events such as utility disruptions, software failures, hardware failure." (NC State 2019; web) [NC State University. (2019). Business Disruption and System Failure. Retrieved from: https://financial.math.ncsu.edu/glossary-b/business-disruption-and-system-failure/.]

General A decrease in production, sales, or profits as a result of a disaster. Much of the business interruption losses stem from interdependencies between product suppliers and their customers, business owners, employees, and consumers, and thus represent a community-based measure. Business interruption losses often exceed losses from property damage. Many businesses have insurance that cover business interruption losses. [Rose, A., & Lim, D. (2002). Business interruption losses from natural hazards: conceptual and methodological issues in the case of the Northridge earthquake. Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 4(1), 1-14.] Business "Ordinary business interruption refers to the loss of revenue from the reduction of the flows of services (economic output or profit) from destruction of the capital stock (property damage) of a given firm, while 'contingent' Business Interruption stems from disruptions to off‐site sources, such as the supply chain or infrastructure, on which the firm depends." (Rose and Huyck 2016; 1896) [Rose, A., & Huyck, C. K. (2016). Improving Catastrophe Modeling for Business Interruption Insurance Needs. Risk Analysis, 36(10), 1896–1915. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12550] DOI Links DOI Link 1 DOI Link 2