A construction based on generic machine learning models that can be used to fit various applications. Generic machine learning models are coding mechanism that allow for a machine to improve its behavior based on experience.

Engineering MAE Center is the Center for Creating a Multi-Hazard Approach to Engineering, at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. “The MAE Center started as one of three national earthquake engineering research centers established by the National Science Foundation and its partner institutions. Its current mission is to develop through research, and to disseminate through education and outreach, new integrated approaches necessary to minimize the consequences of future natural and human-made hazards. Integrated interdisciplinary research synthesizing damage across regions, estimating vulnerability across regional and national networks, and identifying different hazards forms the core research activities needed to develop a Multi-hazard Approach to Engineering and to support stakeholder and societal interests in risk assessment and mitigation. Core research is separated into the following five thrust areas: 1) Multi-hazard Analysis; 2) Consequence-based Risk Management Framework; 3) Engineering Engines; 4) Social and Economic Sciences; 5) Information Technology. The outcomes of the MAE Center research is of value to many stakeholders allowing for better informed decision- and policy-making. Stakeholders include state transportation departments, state emergency management agencies, utilities operators, insurance and reinsurance companies, managing agents, investment banks, lenders, industry organizations, and governments. In addition, many projects integrate research and education for both undergraduate and graduate students, advance curricula and outreach to pre-college students, and enhance public awareness.” (MAE Center 2019) [MAE Center. (2019). About MAE Center. Retrieved from: http://mae.cee.illinois.edu/about/about.html]

A Magnitude Frequency Distribution is a function that describes the rate (per year) of earthquakes across all magnitudes. An MFD can have an analytical form or, as in the case of OpenSHA implementations, be described by rates of earthquakes over descrete intervals. (Field et al. 2005; 1.1-1.3) [Field, E.H., T.H. Jordan, and C.A. Cornell (2005) Magnitude Frequency Distribution (MFD). v. Retrieved from http://www.opensha.org/glossary-magFreqDist]

“The mainshock is the largest earthquake in a sequence, sometimes preceded by one or more foreshocks, and almost always followed by many aftershocks.” (USGS Earthquake; web)

Refers to the conditional probability of attaining or exceeding a specified performance level, given the intensity measures of a mainshock and its aftershocks

Referes to a parametric function for the mainshock-aftershock fragility

“The magnitude is a number that characterizes the relative size of an earthquake. Magnitude is based on measurement of the maximum motion recorded by a seismograph. Several scales have been defined, but the most commonly used are (1) local magnitude (ML), commonly referred to as "Richter magnitude", (2) surface-wave magnitude (Ms), (3) body-wave magnitude (Mb), and (4) moment magnitude (Mw). Scales 1-3 have limited range and applicability and do not satisfactorily measure the size of the largest earthquakes. The moment magnitude (Mw) scale, based on the concept of seismic moment, is uniformly applicable to all sizes of earthquakes but is more difficult to compute than the other types. All magnitude scales should yield approximately the same value for any given earthquake.” (USGS Earthquake Glossary https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=magnitude)

A market economy is an economic system in which most goods and services are produced and distributed following the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.

Physics The use of joint optimization of program motion and an ensemble of perturbed motions allows engineers to break down the modelling process more than dynamical processing.Joint optimization opens the system up to its details and shows the was that the engineer can manipulate the models and equations. These mathematical models include description of controlled dynamical process, choice of control functions or parameters of optimization as well as construction of quality functionals, which allow efficient evaluation of various characteristics of examined control motions. This optimization problem is considered as the problem of mathematical control theory. The suggested approach allows to develop various methods of directed search and to conduct parallel optimization of program and perturbed motions. (Bondarev et al. 2006; 390) [Bondarev, B. I., Durkin, A. P., & Ovsvnnanikov, A. D. (2006, August 06). New mathematical optimization models for RFQ structures. Retrieved from: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/792945/citations#citations ]