Systems that account for the effects of social factors in modeling the decisions and the behavior of individuals and institutions

Capacity of the formulation to be adapted to different scales/levels of aggregation (see scale/aggregation)

A set of facts and statistics that can be used across multiple scales and levels of aggregation

Scale: The extent and level of detail at which a system is analyzed. e.g. Macro-scale and micro-scale. Aggregation: The process of reducing many measures to simpler ones, thereby changing the scale of the system

The analysis of different possible outcomes of the future and associated consequences.